Liberal revolutions

The waves of political revolution (1820, 1830 and 1848) brought the end to absolute monarchy in Europe.

The revolutions of 1820 triumphed in Portugal, Spain and Greece who won indepence from the Ottoman Empire.

The 1830s tried to implement moderate liberalism: the constitutional political system with census suffrage.

• In France a liberal revolution established a constitunional monarchy with Louis Philippe as king
• In Belgium revolution gained independece from the Netherlands.

Delacroix. Liberty leading the people. From Wikipedia Public Domain

In 1848 democratic ideals appeared: universal suffrage, popular sovereignty, social equity. Workers emerged as a political force. All the revolutions failed except in France where the Second Republic was proclameted. But these revolutions were evidence that an irreversible process had began