Italian Unity

Italy was divided into six states. The Pope was sovereign in one of them. Only the north of Piedmont, with a Monarchy (Savoy Dynasty), were in favor of the unification of Italy.
Cavour (prime minister of Piedmont) in the north annexed the Northern States after a war agaist Austria (1859). Garibaldi in the centre and in the south, overthrew the monarchs of those states
In 1861 the first Italian Parliament proclaimed King of Italy Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy. In 1870 the Papal States were annexed.
The unification of Italy was a fact, and Rome became the capital of the new kingdom